Visualized: Gestational Limits on Elective Abortions Around the World

We reviewed the gestational limits on elective abortions around the world. Across all countries the average limit was 4.3 weeks, but this includes countries that prohibit elective abortions. Excluding these 128 countries the average gestational limit on elective abortions across the 66 countries that do allow them was 12.8 weeks. Of all countries, the U.S., under Roe v. Wade, is in the top 7 most permissive countries or top 3%, allowing abortions at 24 weeks.

References

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157. ^ The Gambia’s Political Transition to Democracy: Is Abortion Reform Possible?, Satang Nabaneh, Health and Human Rights Journal, 9 December 2019.
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159. ^ Women’s Act, 2010, Office of the Vice President and Ministry for Women Affairs of Gambia, July 2010. Section 30.
160. ^ Law of Georgia on health care, Legislative Herald of Georgia, version of 8 August 2014.
161. ^ On the approval of the rules for the implementation of abortion, Minister of Labor, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia, 7 October 2014 (in Georgian).
162. ^ Jump up to:^a b Order of the Second Senate of 28 May 1993 – 2 BvF 2/90, Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.
163. ^ German Criminal Code, Federal Office of Justice of Germany. Section 218a.
164. ^ Penal code, Ministry of Justice of Greece, 27 August 2019 (in Greek).
165. ^ Criminal Code. Articles 234, 250(2).
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172. ^ Honduras ratifies a reform that prohibits abortion and same-sex marriage, El Periódico Extremadura, 29 January 2021 (in Spanish).
173. ^ Jump up to:^a b Law on the protection of fetal life, Wolters Kluwer (in Hungarian). Retrieved 27 September 2021.
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180. ^ Abortion and its types, Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran (in Persian).
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188. ^ Law No. 194 of 22 May 1978, Rules for the Social Protection of Maternity and on the Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy, Ministry of Health of Italy (in Italian).
189. ^ Ivory Coast: advocacy for medical abortions as in the case of rapes, Abidjan.net, 19 July 2020 (in French).
190. ^ Law no. 2019-574 carrying the Penal Code, Official Journal of the Republic of Ivory Coast, 10 July 2019 (in French).
191. ^ Jump up to:^a b Offences Against the Person Act, Ministry of Justice of Jamaica, 7 April 2014.
192. ^ Jump up to:^a b Abortion Policy Review Advisory Group Final Report, Ministry of Health of Jamaica, 19 February 2007.
193. ^ Jump up to:^a b Abortion ‘right’?, The Gleaner, 25 August 2013.
194. ^ Jump up to:^a b Abortion attitudes, training, and experience among medical students in Jamaica, West Indies, Glenmarie Matthews, Jessica Atrio, Horace Fletcher, Nathalie Medley, Leo Walker, and Nerys Benfield, Contraceptive and Reproductive Medicine, 1 May 2020.
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198. ^ Order of the Minister of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan On approval of the rules for artificial abortion and the list of medical and social indications, as well as contraindications for artificial abortion, Legal Information System of Regulatory Legal Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 9 October 2020.
199. ^ Penal Code, revised edition of 2012, National Council for Law Reporting. Articles 158–160 and 240.
200. ^ The Constitution of Kenya, National Council for Law Reporting, 2010. Article 26(4).
201. ^ Jump up to:^a b FIDA-Kenya and Others v. Attorney General and Others, Kenyalaw.org, 12 June 2019.
202. ^ National Guidelines on Management of Sexual Violence in Kenya, 3rd edition, Ministry of Health of Kenya, 2014. Pages 15, 25, 78.
203. ^ Penal Code, VERTIC. Page 214.
204. ^ “Ligj për ndërprerjen e shtatzënësisë” [Law on Abortion]. Law No. 03/L-110 of 6 November 2008 (in Albanian). Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo.
205. ^ Ministerial Decree No. 24 of 1981, Concerning the Practice of Human Medicine and Dentistry and the Professions Supporting Them, Global Abortion Policies Database, 22 February 1981 (in Arabic).
206. ^ Law of the Kyrgyz Republic on the reproductive rights of citizens and guarantees of their implementation, Ministry of Justice of the Kyrgyz Republic. Article 16 (in Russian).
207. ^ Clinical protocol for medical abortion in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic (in Russian).
208. ^ Penal Code, Government of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 26 June 2017.
209. ^ “ຂໍ້ຕົກລົງ ວ່າດ້ວຍ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ການໃຫ້ຖືພາແທນ ແລະ ການໃຫ້ຫຼຸລູກ” [Decision on the Management of Surrogacy and Abortion]. Decision No. 2077 of 8 July 2021 (in Lao). Ministry of Health of Laos. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
210. ^ Situation of abortion in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, World Health Organization, 2017.
211. ^ Organizational procedures for termination of pregnancy, Likumi.lv, 27 October 2007 (in Latvian).
212. ^ Sexual and Reproductive Health Law, Likumi.lv, 1 September 2017 (in Latvian).
213. ^ https://learningpartnership.org/sites/default/files/resources/pdfs/Lebanon%20Penal%20Code%201943%20Arabic.pdf^{[bare URL PDF]}
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215. ^ Offenses Against the Family, Chapter 16: Penal Law – Title 26 – Liberian Code of Laws Revised, Legal Information Institute.
216. ^ Law No. 106 of 1973 Promulgating the Health Law, Ministry of Justice of Libya, 13 December 1978 AD (in Arabic).
217. ^ Law No. 17 of 1986 on Medical Liability, Ministry of Justice of Libya, 24 November 1986 AD (in Arabic).
218. ^ Translation of Liechtenstein Law, Criminal Code of 24 June 1987, Legislationline.org, version of 1 January 2021, translated 21 January 2021. Article 96.
219. ^ The procedure for performing an abortion operation, Ministry of Health of Lithuania, 28 January 1994.
220. ^ Jump up to:^a b Law of 17 December 2014 amending 1) of the Penal Code and 2) of the law of 15 November 1978 relating to sexual information, the prevention of clandestine abortion and the regulation of voluntary termination of pregnancy, Government of Luxembourg, 17 December 2014 (in French).
221. ^ Penal code, Ministry of Justice of Madagascar, updated 31 March 2005. Article 317 (in French).
222. ^ Legalization of abortion in Madagascar – The revision of the law again on the parliamentarians’ carpet, La Vérité, 9 February 2021 (in French).
223. ^ In Madagascar, clandestine abortions are the second cause of maternal deaths, Radio France Internationale, 1 October 2021 (in French).
224. ^ Penal Code, Malawi Legal Information Institute. Article 243.
225. ^ Guidelines on Termination of Pregnancy (TOP) for Hospitals in the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Health of Malaysia, 19 September 2012.
226. ^ Constitution of the Republic of Maldives 2008, Attorney General’s Office of Maldives.
227. ^ Law no. 6/2014, Penal Code of the Maldives, University of Pennsylvania Law School.
228. ^ Jump up to:^a b Country Profile on Sexual and Reproductive Rights: Maldives, Asian-Pacific Resource and Research Centre for Women, 2017.
229. ^ Jump up to:^a b “Ruling 6/2013” (PDF) (in Divehi). Islamic Fiqh Academy, Ministry of Islamic Affairs of Maldives. 11 December 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2014.
230. ^ Law no. 2001-79 of 20 August 2001 bearing the Penal Code, Droit Afrique. Article 211 (in French).
231. ^ Law no. 02-044 of 24 June 2002 relative to reproduction health, President of the Republic of Mali. Article 13 (in French).
232. ^ Jump up to:^a b Malta does allow for abortions in case of life or death situations, The Malta Independent, 5 May 2013.
233. ^ Jump up to:^a b Abortions carried out in certain circumstances in Malta, The Malta Independent, 16 December 2018.
234. ^ Penal Code, Official Journal of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, 9 July 1983 (in French). Article 293.
235. ^ https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/MONOGRAPH/73641/75348/F518879681/MRT-73641.pdf art.33
236. ^ The Criminal Code (Amendment) Act 2012, Official Gazette of Mauritius, 23 June 2012.
237. ^ Aborto legal, Andar (in Spanish).
238. ^ Jump up to:^a b The Supreme Court eliminates the deadlines to abort in cases of rape, El País, 7 July 2021 (in Spanish).
239. ^ Jump up to:^a b Press Release No. 196/2021: The time limit for the legal interruption of pregnancy as a result of rape constitutes an act of violence against the woman, which strikes against her rights to free development of personality and to mental health, Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, 7 July 2021 (in Spanish).
240. ^ Decree No. 36, Official Journal of the State of Baja California, pages 21–26. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021.
241. ^ Penal Code for the State of Colima as of 26 December 2020, Directorate of Legislative Process. Articles 138 to 142 (in Spanish).
242. ^ Decree no. 27, Official Journal of the State of Colima, 11 December 2021, no. 96, supplement 3. Article first (in Spanish).
243. ^ Decree No. 728, Official Gazette of the State of Hidalgo, 6 July 2021 (in Spanish).
244. ^ Decree by which the penal code for the Federal District is reformed and the health law for the Federal District is added, Official Gazette of the Federal District, 26 April 2007 (in Spanish).
245. ^ https://www.congresocdmx.gob.mx/media/documentos/9cd0cdef5d5adba1c8e25b34751cccfdcca80e2c.pdf^{[bare URL PDF]}
246. ^ Decree No. 806, Official Journal of the State of Oaxaca, 27 October 2019 (in Spanish).
247. ^ Decree no. 79, Official Gazette of the State of Sinaloa, 11 March 2022 (in Spanish).
248. ^ Decree No. 857, Official Gazette of the State of Veracruz, 20 July 2021 (in Spanish).
249. ^ “Ordin cu privire la efectuarea întreruperii voluntare a cursului sarcinii în condiții de siguranță” [Orden Regarding the Voluntary Termination of the Safe Course of Pregnancy]. Order No. 647 of 29 September 2010 (in Romanian). Ministry of Health of Moldova.
250. ^ https://wapi.gov.me/download/840dacb7-de8d-45bb-841f-27b9cc32109d?version=1.0^{[bare URL PDF]}
251. ^ Moroccan women are still waiting for the abortion reform wanted by Mohammed VI, Le Monde, 18 March 2018 (in French).
252. ^ In Morocco, the Hajar Raissouni case revives the debate on abortion, France 24, 24 September 2019 (in French).
253. ^ Penal code, consolidated version of 5 July 2018, Ministry of Justice of Morocco (in French).
254. ^ Penal code, consolidated version of 14 June 2021, Ministry of Justice of Morocco (in Arabic).
255. ^ Law of Revision of the Penal Code, Bulletin of the Republic of Mozambique, 24 December 2019 (in Portuguese).
256. ^ https://www.warnathgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Burma-Penal-Code.pdf^{[bare URL PDF]}
257. ^ Abortion Policy Landscape: Myanmar, World Health Organization.
258. ^ Crimes Act 2016, Nauru’s Online Legal Database. Articles 53, 63–69.
259. ^ The Right to Safe Motherhood and Reproductive Health Act, 2075, Government of Nepal, 18 September 2018.
260. ^ Abortion Legislation: Information for Health Practitioners, Ministry of Health of New Zealand, 26 June 2020.
261. ^ Re-characterizing abortion in Nigeria: an appraisal of the necessity test, Victor Nnamdi Opara, International Law Students’ Association Journal of International & Comparative Law, vol. 11, issue 1, article 8, March 2005.
262. ^ Penal Code (Northern States) Federal Provisions Act, 30 September 1960. Police and Human Rights Resources, Amnesty International.
263. ^ “Cyprus Turkish Medical Association “Medical Professional Code of Ethics”” (PDF) (in Turkish). TRNC Prime Ministry Department of Regulations. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
264. ^ “The Right to Abortion in north Cyprus: Social-cultural, religious and legal aspects”. Entropia.syspirosiatakton.org. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
265. ^ The Criminal Law of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (2015), Unification Legislation Database (in Korean).
266. ^ Medical Law of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (2000), Unification Legislation Database (in Korean).
267. ^ North Korea forbids doctors to perform abortions, implant birth control devices, Radio Free Asia, 14 October 2015.
268. ^ Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 18 of the Convention, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 1 June 2016.
269. ^ Written Contribution for Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), Tomás Ojea Quintana, for his upcoming report to the 46th Human Rights Council session in March 2021.
270. ^ In-hua, Kim (13 November 2019). “Ask a North Korean: do forced abortions really take place in the DPRK?”. NK News.
271. ^ Law of Termination of Pregnancy, Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia, 22 May 2019 (in Macedonian).
272. ^ Regulation on interruption of pregnancy (abortion regulation), Lovdata, 10 May 2013 (in Norwegian).
273. ^ The Penal Law Promulgated by Royal Decree 7/2018, Ministry of Legal Affairs of Oman, 11 January 2018. Articles 315–320, 44 and 51.
274. ^ Royal decree no. 75/2019 promulgating a law regulating the practice of the medical profession and allied medical professions, Ministry of Legal Affairs of Oman, 11 January 2019. Article 36 (in Arabic).
275. ^ Pakistan’s Abortion Provisions, Center for Reproductive Rights.
276. ^ Why Deadly Abortions Keep Killing Women in Pakistan, Pulitzer Center, 15 July 2021. “Because laws on abortion are vague, the decision to provide an abortion or not often comes down to a provider’s personal or religious beliefs, which for many, makes the prospect unthinkable.”
277. ^ Service delivery standards and guidelines for high-quality safe uterine evacuation and postabortion care, Department of Health of Punjab, Pakistan, April 2015.
278. ^ Abortion in Pakistan, Guttmacher Institute, November 2009.
279. ^ Penal Code, Policinglaw.info. Article 1309.
280. ^ Palestinian Legislative Council Public Health Law, Health, Development, Information and Policy Institute (HDIP), 23 April 2004.
281. ^ The Unique Landscape of Abortion Law and Access in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, Health and Human Rights Journal, 9 December 2019. “As one lawyer from Gaza explained in an interview, “[…] [Abortion] is only allowed for health reasons for the mother or for fetal anomalies.”
282. ^ For Palestinian women, abortion can mean lies, jail or worse, Reuters, 8 March 2016. “When fetal impairment is detected, an abortion can be performed if both parents consent, […] the ministry said.”
283. ^ Palestine: ‘Marry-Your-Rapist’ Law Repealed, Human Rights Watch, 10 May 2018. “Salhieh, the chief prosecutor, said that prosecutors obtained permission for seven women to have abortions in 2017, all in cases in which the women alleged that the pregnancy was a result of rape or incest and they were in the early stages of pregnancy.”
284. ^ Palestine’s Abortion Problem, Foreign Policy, 4 December 2015. “Abortion, after all, is illegal under Palestinian law; while it is technically legal in order to protect the life of the mother, in practice, according to experts, it is impossible to get such a procedure. Especially for those […] who might want an abortion without the knowledge of their husbands.”
285. ^ https://ministeriopublico.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/CODIGO-PENAL-2019-FINAL-1.pdf chapter I, section 3
286. ^ (in Spanish) https://clacaidigital.info/bitstream/handle/123456789/778/revision_de_normas_de_salud_integral_de_la_mujer.%20Panama.pdf
287. ^ Jump up to:^a b Criminal Code Act 1974, Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute. Articles 225, 226, 280, 312.
288. ^ Barnett, Katy (7 April 2016). News: High Court grants injunction staying asylum seeker’s abortion. University of Melbourne Law School, 7 April 2016.
289. ^ Situation of abortion in the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, World Health Organization, 2017.
290. ^ Woman cleared in abortion case, The National, 27 June 2018.
291. ^ Law No. 3440, BACCN, 20 August 2008. Article 109.4 (in Spanish).
292. ^ http://www.diresacusco.gob.pe/salud_individual/dais/materno/NORMAS%20RTN/03/RM%20486-2014%20-%20GTN%20DE%20ABORTO%20TERAPEUTICO.pdf^{[bare URL PDF]}
293. ^ Jump up to:^a b The Revised Penal Code, Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines, 8 December 1930. Articles 256–259.
294. ^ Imbong v. Ochoa, Supreme Court of the Philippines, 8 April 2014.
295. ^ Ninth periodic report submitted by the Philippines under article 18 of the Convention, Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 6 July 2021. Paragraph 123.
296. ^ Law of 7 January 1993 on family planning, protection of the human fetus and conditions of admissibility of interruption of pregnancy, Internet System of Legal Acts, Sejm of the Republic of Poland (in Polish).
297. ^ Jump up to:^a b Judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 22 October 2020, act K 1/20, Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland, 27 January 2021, item 175 (in Polish).
298. ^ Jump up to:^a b Judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 28 May 1997, K 26/96, Wolters Kluwer (in Polish).
299. ^ Penal Code, Electronic Journal of the Republic (in Portuguese).
300. ^ Law No. 11 of 2004 Issuing the Penal Code, Qatar Legal Portal. Abortion. Articles 315–317.
301. ^ Law No. (2) of 1983 in the matter of practicing the professions of human medicine and dental medicine and surgery, Qatar Legal Portal, 1 January 1983. Article 17 (in Arabic).
302. ^ Criminal Code of the Republic of Romania (2009, amended 2017), Legislationline.org.
303. ^ “Федеральный закон от 21 ноября 2011 г. № 323-ФЗ “Об основах охраны здоровья граждан в Российской Федерации”” [Federal Law of November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ “On the fundamentals of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation”] (in Russian). Minzdrav.gov.ru. 5 April 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
304. ^ “Приказ Минздравсоцразвития России №736 от 3 декабря 2007 г.” minzdrav.gov.ru.
305. ^ “Приказ Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации от 1 ноября 2012 г.№ 572н “Об утверждении Порядка оказания медицинской помощи по профилю “акушерство и гинекология (за исключением использования вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий)”””. minzdrav.gov.ru.
306. ^ Ministerial Order no. 002/MoH/2019 of 08/04/2019 determining conditions to be satisfied for a medical doctor to perform an abortion, Official Gazette of Rwanda, no. 14, 8 April 2019 (in Kinyarwanda, English, and French).
307. ^ Offences Against the Person Act, Law Commission of the Ministry of Justice and Legal Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis, revised edition as of 31 December 2017. Sections 53–54.
308. ^ Infant Life (Preservation) Act, Law Commission of the Ministry of Justice and Legal Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis, revised edition as of 31 December 2002.
309. ^ Criminal Code, revised edition as 31 December 2005, Government of Saint Lucia, Chapter 1, Part 1, Sub-part D.
310. ^ Criminal Code, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Section 149.
311. ^ Crimes Act 2013, Ministry of Police of Samoa, 1 May 2013.
312. ^ San Marino voters overwhelmingly back legal abortion, Associated Press, 26 September 2021. “With the ‘yes’ votes winning, San Marino’s Parliament must now draft a bill to legalize the procedure.”
313. ^ San Marino voters approve abortion three to one in referendum, France 24, 27 September 2021. “But he said the government would propose a law within six months to implement the abortion change, that would then be put to parliament.”
314. ^ San Marino. Abortion referendum, overwhelming victory of the yes, Libertas, 26 September 2021. “An important fact, which will now obligate the Government and the Grand and General Council to translate into law the content of the question” (in Italian).
315. ^ https://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/on-line/home/archivio-leggi-decreti-e-regolamenti/documento17019121.html^{[bare URL PDF]}
316. ^ Ministerial resolution no. 39644/1/12, dated 14/5/1427 AH, Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia, c. 10 June 2006 (in Arabic).
317. ^ Livni, Ephrat. “Saudi Arabia’s abortion laws are more forgiving than Alabama’s”. Quartz.
318. ^ Penal code, General Staff of the Land Forces, 1965 (in French).
319. ^ “Zakon o postupku prekida trudnoće u zdravstvenim ustanovama”. www.paragraf.rs.
320. ^ http://www.vma.mod.gov.rs/radna-verzija-vodica-za-bezbedni-prekid-trudnoce.pdf^{[bare URL PDF]}
321. ^ Termination of Pregnancy Act, consolidated to 30 June 2012, Seychelles Legal Information Institute.
322. ^ Reproductive health policy for Seychelles, Ministry of Health of Seychelles, January 2012.
323. ^ Courts Act, 1965, Government of Sierra Leone. Article 74.
324. ^ Offences Against the Person Act 1861, Legislation.gov.uk. Articles 58–59.
325. ^ Jump up to:^a b c d Rex v. Bourne, Central Criminal Court of England and Wales, 18–19 July 1938.
326. ^ Supplementary Information on Sierra Leone, scheduled for review by the U.N. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women during its 57th Session (February 2014), Center for Reproductive Rights, 24 January 2014. “This interpretation of the Offences Against the Person Act has not been tested in case law in Sierra Leone and therefore it remains unclear whether women terminating a pregnancy on such grounds would be criminally liable.”
327. ^ Understanding Abortion Access in Africa, Catholics for Choice, 19 February 2014. “Sierra Leone is one of several Commonwealth countries to model its abortion policy after England’s 1938 Rex v. Bourne decision, which established necessity – that is, threats to a woman’s mental and physical health – as grounds for legal abortion.”
328. ^ Sierra Leone abortion bill blocked by President Bai Koroma again, BBC News, 12 March 2016.
329. ^ Fighting Unsafe Abortion and Abortion Stigma in Sierra Leone, Women’s Health and Reproductive Rights Organization, 20 April 2021.
330. ^ “Termination of Pregnancy Act – Singapore Statutes Online”. sso.agc.gov.sg.
331. ^ “Zákon Slovenskej národnej rady o umelom prerušení tehotenstva” [Act of the Slovak National Council on Abortion]. Law No. 73 of 23 October 1986 (in Slovak). Slovak National Council.
332. ^ “Vyhláška Ministerstva zdravotníctva Slovenskej socialistickej republiky, ktorou sa vykonáva zákon Slovenskej národnej rady č.73/1986 Zb. o umelom prerušení tehotenstva” [Decree of the Ministry of Health of the Slovak Socialist Republic, which implements the Act of the Slovak National Council No. 73/1986 Coll. on abortion]. Decree No. 74 of 5 November 1986 (in Slovak). Ministry of Health.
333. ^ Law on health measures in the exercise of the right to freely decide on the birth of children, Government of Slovenia (in Slovene).
334. ^ Penal Code, Laws of Solomon Islands. Articles 157–159, 221.
335. ^ Provisional Constitution, University of Minnesota: Human Rights Library, 7 September 2012. Article 15.5.
336. ^ Penal Code, Global Abortion Policies Database, 6 December 1962. Article 36 and part X.
337. ^ Penal Code, Somalilandlaw.com.
338. ^ http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Somaliland_Constitution_Text_only_Eng_IJSLL.pdf^{[bare URL PDF]}
339. ^ Enforcement Decree of the Mother and Child Health Act, Government of South Korea.
340. ^ Jump up to:^a b c South Korea: Abortion decriminalized since January 1, 2021, Library of Congress, 18 March 2021.
341. ^ ‘Abortion consultation’ included in health insurance, The Korea Times, 3 August 2021.
342. ^ “Медикаментозный аборт” [Medical abortion]. osinform.org (in Russian). Retrieved 3 December 2021.
343. ^ “art.216.1” (PDF). Sudentribune.com. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
344. ^ Organic Law 2/2010, of 3 March, of sexual and reproductive health and of voluntary interruption of pregnancy, Boletín Oficial del Estado, 4 March 2010 (in Spanish).
345. ^ Penal code, Citizens Lanka, version as of 2002. Sections 303–307.
346. ^ Penal Code, European Country of Origin Information Network, 1991.
347. ^ https://www.dna.sr/media/138146/S.B._2015_no._44_wet_van_30_mrt_15_wijz._wetboek_van_strafrecht.pdf (in Dutch) title xix
348. ^ Abortion law, Riksdag of Sweden, version as of 1 June 2013 (in Swedish).
349. ^ Swiss penal code (Interruption of pregnancy), Federal Assembly of Switzerland (in French).
350. ^ “قانون مزاولة المهن الطبية في الجمهورية العربية السورية” [Law on the Practice of Medical Professions in the Syrian Arab Republic]. Article 47b, Legislative Decree No. 12 of 5 January 1970 (in Arabic). People’s Assembly of Syria.
351. ^ Genetic Health Act, Laws and Regulations Database of the Republic of China, 8 July 2009.
352. ^ Abortion legislation and its implementation in Europe and Central Asia, International Planned Parenthood Federation, December 2019.
353. ^ The Penal Code, revised edition of 2019, Tanzania Legal Information Institute.
354. ^ Penal Act, 2018, Zanzibar House of Representatives, 16 March 2018.
355. ^ A technical guide to understanding the legal and policy framework on termination of pregnancy in mainland Tanzania, Center for Reproductive Rights, 2012.
356. ^ Act, Amendment of the Criminal Code (No. 28), Royal Government Gazette of Thailand, 6 February 2021 (in Thai).
357. ^ Law No. 2007-005, On Reproductive Health, Official Journal of the Togolese Republic, 10 January 2007 (in French).
358. ^ “Criminal Offences”. www.paclii.org.
359. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051227114327fw_/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/abortion/doc/tonga.doc (2001)
360. ^ Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic on the procedure and indications for artificial interruption of pregnancy, Zakon PMR, 13 August 2004 (in Russian).
361. ^ https://rgd.legalaffairs.gov.tt/laws2/Alphabetical_List/lawspdfs/10.04.pdf^{[bare URL PDF]}
362. ^ Code of Ethics in the Practice of Medicine: Responsibilities to Profession, Medical Board of Trinidad and Tobago.
363. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051227114327fw_/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/abortion/doc/trinidad.doc (2001)
364. ^ “Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi”. www.mevzuat.gov.tr.
365. ^ “Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi”. www.mevzuat.gov.tr.
366. ^ https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/6453/file/Turkey_CC_2004_am2016_en.pdf art.99
367. ^ Law of Turkmenistan on the protection of the health of citizens, Neytralny Turkmenistan no. 138-139, 2 July 2015. Article 19 (in Russian).
368. ^ https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1965/1965-0007/PenalCode_1.pdf arts 150–152, 214, 227
369. ^ https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/435-15 art.281.6
370. ^ “Про реалізацію статті 281 Цивільного кодексу України”. Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України.
371. ^ “Про затвердження Інструкції про порядок проведення операції штучного переривання вагітності, форм первинної облікової документації та інструкцій щодо їх заповнення”. Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України.
372. ^ Women’s reproductive and sexual healthcare, Government of the United Arab Emirates, 11 July 2021.
373. ^ Rape and abortion, EFC.
374. ^ Britain’s abortion law, British Pregnancy Advisory Service.
375. ^ Know Your Abortion Rights in the UK, 123 Healthwise.
376. ^ Jump up to:^a b The Abortion (Northern Ireland) (No. 2) Regulations 2020, Legislation.gov.uk.
377. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Abortion Act 1967, Legislation.gov.uk.
378. ^ Abortion policy in the absence of Roe, Guttmacher Institute, 1 September 2021.
379. ^ State bans on abortion throughout pregnancy, Guttmacher Institute, 14 April 2022.
380. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Rabin, Roni Caryn (1 September 2021). “Answers to Questions About the Texas Abortion Law”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
381. ^ Jump up to:^a b c 87(R) SB 8, Texas Legislature, 2021.
382. ^ SB149, Arkansas General Assembly, 2019.
383. ^ SB6, Arkansas General Assembly, 2021.
384. ^ S1385, Idaho Legislature, 2020.
385. ^ HB148, Kentucky General Assembly, 2019.
386. ^ HB3, Kentucky General Assembly, 2022.
387. ^ Human Life Protection Act, RS 40:1061, Louisiana State Legislature.
388. ^ HB126, Missouri General Assembly, 2019.
389. ^ Gov. Lujan Grisham signs Senate Bill 10, repealing 1969 abortion ban, KOB, 26 February 2021.
390. ^ HB 1466, North Dakota Legislative Assembly, 2007.
391. ^ Chapter 187, South Dakota Legislature, 2005.
392. ^ SB1257, Tennessee General Assembly, 2019.
393. ^ Durkee, Alison (2 June 2021). “Texas City Cleared To Become Anti-Abortion ‘Sanctuary City’ As Federal Judge Dismisses Planned Parenthood Challenge”. Forbes.
394. ^ SB174, Utah State Legislature, 2020.
395. ^ Law on voluntary interruption of pregnancy. Abortion law, National Directorate of Prints and Official Publications, 30 October 2012 (in Spanish).
396. ^ Manual of Procedures for the Sanitary Management of Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy, Ministry of Public Health, 2014 (in Spanish).
397. ^ Penal Code, National Directorate of Prints and Official Publications, updated on 9 July 2020 (in Spanish).
398. ^ “Об утверждении стандартов искусственного прерывания беременности” [On approval of standards for artificial termination of pregnancy]. Law No. 312 of 10 September 2013 (in Russian). Archived from the original on 21 November 2021.
399. ^ http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/88512/101229/F1616956608/VUT88512.pdf^{[bare URL PDF]}
400. ^ Law on the sources of law, Acta Apostolicae Sedis, Supplement for the laws and provisions of Vatican City State, 1 October 2008. (in Italian)
401. ^ Title VI. Delicts against human life and freedom, Code of Canon Law, Holy See.
402. ^ Penal code for the Kingdom of Italy, 1889, University of Brescia College of Law. (in Italian)
403. ^ Report to His Majesty the King from the Minister Keeper of the Seals (Zanardelli) at the hearing of 30 June 1889 for the approval of the final text of the penal code, pp. 145–146. “On the agreed proposal of the parliamentary commissions, the provision that was read in the bill, according to which it was declared ‘not punishable the doctor or surgeon, when he justifies having acted in order to save the woman’s life, endangered by the pregnancy or by childbirth’, was deleted”; “The vote expressed in agreement in parliament led me to the aforesaid deletion, not to exclude the application of the concept that was expressed there, but because it was superfluous and inappropriate to declare it, providing if needed article 49 number 3, the application of which would be only, and without reason, restricted.” (in Italian)
404. ^ Criminal abortion in the Italian penal code, Pasquale Tuozzi, Filippo Serafini Legal Archive, 1902, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 29. “However, if you want to search for a provision in our code that covers the surgeon, in addition to article 45, in which the aforesaid reason is rooted, there is also number 3 of article 49, where it is declared the nonresponsibility of one who acts compelled by the need to save himself or others from a serious and imminent danger to the person, to which he did not voluntarily give cause, and which he could not otherwise avoid. Well, these extremes of the state of necessity all apply in the case of the surgeon, who, put in the harsh condition, not created by him, extinguishes an imperfect and perhaps uncertain existence, to save a certain and real existence, which is that of the woman in childbirth.” (in Italian)
405. ^ Abortion and the Catholic Church, Pro-Life Activist’s Encyclopedia, American Life League.
406. ^ Under Vatican ruling, abortion triggers automatic excommunication, National Catholic Reporter, 17 January 2003.
407. ^ Penal Code of Venezuela, Official Gazette of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, 20 October 2000. Article 435 (in Spanish).
408. ^ Protocols of care. Prenatal care and emergency obstetric care, Government of Venezuela, March 2014 (in Spanish).
409. ^ https://mch.moh.gov.vn/Upload/Documents/2018/10/41ec50b84ccf0e7baa8af44b58efe8d1-HDQG%20cham%20soc%20bmte%20ver%202018%20final%20280718.pdf^{[bare URL PDF]}
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415. ^ The Termination of Pregnancy Act, National Assembly of Zambia.
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423. ^ Criminal Code of Anguilla, Government of Anguilla, 15 December 2014.
424. ^ Criminal Code of Aruba, Government of Aruba, 3 July 2020. (in Dutch)
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432. ^ Criminal Code, Government of Curaçao, 2019. (in Dutch)
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434. ^ Crimes Ordinance 2014, Falkland Islands Government, 2019.
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436. ^ Jump up to:^a b Crimes (Amendment) Act 2019, Government of Gibraltar.
437. ^ Gibraltar votes ‘yes’ to easing abortion laws, The Guardian, 25 June 2021.
438. ^ Law No. 232, Law for Greenland about Termination of Pregnancy, Government of Greenland, 12 June 1975 (in Danish and Greenlandic).
439. ^ Offenses against the family, Compiler of Laws of Guam, 2018.
440. ^ No abortion providers on Guam, Pacific Daily News, 30 June 2018.
441. ^ Jump up to:^a b c d Law on abortion, Guernsey Legal Resources, 1910. (in French)
442. ^ Abortion (Guernsey) Law, 1997, Guernsey Legal Resources, consolidated text effective 2 February 2022.
443. ^ Cap. 212 Offences against the person ordinance, Hong Kong e-Legislation.
444. ^ Abortion Reform Act 2019, Isle of Man Legislation.
445. ^ Termination of Pregnancy (Jersey) Law 1997, Jersey Legal Information Board, 2019.
446. ^ Decree-Law no. 59/95/M, Official Press of Macau, 2004. (in Portuguese)
447. ^ “Penal Code” (PDF). Government of Montserrat. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2018.
448. ^ Niue Laws, Volume 3, Government of Niue, December 2006, p. 1168. Niue Act 1966, sections 166–168.
449. ^ Niue, Population Policy Data Bank, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations. Archived from the original on 11 January 2005.
450. ^ Niue Act 1966, New Zealand Government, reprint as of 1 March 2017.
451. ^ Table of Acts in Force, Government of Niue, 1 June 2016.
452. ^ Niue Laws, Volume 1, Government of Niue, December 2006, pp. 15–16. Constitution of Niue, section 36.
453. ^ Jump up to:^a b Attorney General Opinion, Commonwealth Law Revision Commission, 10 March 1995.
454. ^ Health clinics performing abortions?, Saipan Tribune, 25 May 2000.
455. ^ Pitcairn laws, Government of the Pitcairn Islands.
456. ^ Jump up to:^a b Penal Code of Puerto Rico of 2012, with amendments up to 27 August 2021, Government of Puerto Rico (in Spanish).
457. ^ El Pueblo de Puerto Rico v. Pablo Duarte Mendoza, Decisiones de Puerto Rico, 17 April 1980. (in Spanish)
458. ^ General Introduction to Legislation, Saint Helena Government.
459. ^ Abortion Act (UK) (Tristan da Cunha) Ordinance, 1967, Saint Helena Government, 2017.
460. ^ Criminal Code, Government of Sint Maarten, 2013. (in Dutch)
461. ^ Crimes, Procedure and Evidence Rules 2003, Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute, 2016.
462. ^ Handbook for the Law Commissioners of Tokelau, Government of Tokelau, August 2008.
463. ^ Offences Against the Person Ordinance, Government of the Turks and Caicos Islands, 31 March 2018.
464. ^ Abortion, 2019 US Virgin Islands Code, Title 14 § 151.
465. ^ Jump up to:^a b Ostergren, Robert C.; Le Bossé, Mathias (2011). The Europeans: A Geography of People, Culture, and Environment. Guilford Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-1-59385-384-6. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
466. ^ Kelly, Jon (8 April 2016). “Why are Northern Ireland’s abortion laws different to the rest of the UK?”. BBC News.
467. ^ Jenkins, Philip (2007). God’s continent: Christianity, Islam, and Europe’s religious crisis. Oxford University Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-19-531395-6. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
468. ^ Jump up to:^a b J. Cherie Strachan; Lori M. Poloni-Staudinger; Shannon Jenkins; Candice D. Ortbals (2019). Why Don’t Women Rule the World?: Understanding Women’s Civic and Political Choices. SAGE Publications. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-5443-1727-4.
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470. ^ Sally Sheldon; Kaye Wellings (March 2020). Decriminalising Abortion in the UK: What Would It Mean?. Policy Press. pp. 104–105. ISBN 978-1-4473-5401-7.
471. ^ Christine Ammer; JoAnn E. Manson (February 2009). The Encyclopedia of Women’s Health. Infobase Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-8160-7407-5. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
472. ^ “Abortion Coverage by Region”. National Abortion Federation Canada.
473. ^ Jump up to:^a b Victoria Bromley (2012). Feminisms Matter: Debates, Theories, Activism. University of Toronto Press. pp. 26–32. ISBN 978-1-4426-0502-2.
474. ^ Radha Jhappan (2002). Women’s Legal Strategies in Canada. University of Toronto Press. pp. 335–338. ISBN 978-0-8020-7667-0.
475. ^ Giuliana Ziccardi Capaldo (2018). The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence 2017. Oxford University Press. p. 248. ISBN 978-0-19-092384-6.
476. ^ Casey, 505 U.S. at 877.
477. ^ Alesha Doan (2007). Opposition and Intimidation: The Abortion Wars and Strategies of Political Harassment. University of Michigan Press. p. 57. ISBN 9780472069750.
478. ^ Liptak, Adam (29 June 2002). “Supreme Court Strikes Down Louisiana Abortion Law, With Roberts the Deciding Vote”. The New York Times.
479. ^ Worrell, Marc. “Abortion Laws Worldwide”. Women on Waves.
480. ^ “The World’s Abortion Laws | Center for Reproductive Rights”. reproductiverights.org. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
481. ^ “Abortion in Latin America and the Caribbean”. 10 May 2016.
482. ^ Reuters (6 September 2019). “El Salvador will seek third trial of woman accused of ‘murdering’ stillborn”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
483. ^ “El Salvador: Rape survivor sentenced to 30 years in jail under extreme anti-abortion law”. www.amnesty.org. 6 July 2017.
484. ^ “El Salvador: Women jailed for miscarriages”. BBC News. 28 April 2015.
485. ^ “How Doctors Date Pregnancies, Explained”. Rewire.
486. ^ Choices, NHS (18 October 2017). “Abortion”. www.nhs.uk.
487. ^ “Pregnancy—first day of the last menstrual period”. meteor.aihw.gov.au.
488. ^ “Estimated Date of Delivery (EDD) Pregnancy Calculator”. reference.medscape.com.
489. ^ “gestational age”. TheFreeDictionary.com.
490. ^ “About the Abortion Act”. Government.no. 18 May 2000.
491. ^ Kliff, Sarah (15 October 2008). “Abortion: What the ‘Health’ Exemption Really Means”. Newsweek.
492. ^ “States Probe Limits of Abortion Policy”. The Pew Charitable Trusts. 22 June 2006. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
493. ^ Center for Reproductive Rights. (n.d.). Picketing and Harassment. Retrieved 14 December 2006. Archived 30 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine
494. ^ “Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1996 [No. 92 of 1996] – G 17602”. www.saflii.org.
495. ^ Bhalla, Nita (3 November 2020). “Kenyan charities urge government to quit U.S.-led anti-abortion pact”. Reuters. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
496. ^ Azoulay v. The Queen, 1952 CanLII 4, [1952] 2 S.C.R. 495 (11 April 1952), Supreme Court (Canada)
497. ^ R v Davidson (Menhennitt ruling) [1969] VicRp 85, VR 667, Supreme Court (Vic, Australia)
498. ^ T., S. c/ Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires s/ amparo, Supreme Court of Argentina, 11 January 2001 (in Spanish).
499. ^ R v Sood (No 3) [2006] NSWSC 762, Supreme Court (NSW, Australia)
500. ^ Tysiąc v Poland, Council of Europe, 20 March 2007.
501. ^ Women’s Rights in the Abortion Decision of the Slovak Constitutional Court, 2014.
502. ^ Nepal Supreme Court: Abortion Is a Right, 3 January 2011.
503. ^ “British Pregnancy Advisory Service v Secretary of State for Health [2011] EWHC 235 (Admin) (14 February 2011)”.
504. ^ F., A. L. s/medida autosatisfactiva, Supreme Court of Argentina, 13 March 2012 (in Spanish).
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508. ^ Sentence 0206/2014, Plurinational Constitutional Court, 5 February 2014 (in Spanish).
509. ^ Dominican Republic Constitutional Court Repeals Abortion Law, 12 April 2015.
510. ^ RPA 0787/15/HC/KIG, Women’s Link Worldwide, 30 October 2015.
511. ^ Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia No. UI-60/1991 and others of 21 February 2017 and Separate opinion, Narodne novine (in Croatian).
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513. ^ Ruling No. 4/2563 (2020), Constitutional Court of Thailand, 19 February B.E. 2563 (2020). Archived from the original on 10 November 2021.
514. ^ Sentence C-088/20, Constitutional Court of Colombia, 2 March 2020 (in Spanish).
515. ^ Press Release No. 273/2021: SCJN invalidates provision of the Sinaloa Constitution that protected the right to life from conception and limited the right of women to reproductive autonomy, Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, 9 September 2021 (in Spanish).
516. ^ Manetto, Francesco (21 September 2021). “La Suprema Corte invalida la objeción de conciencia médica e insta al Congreso a revisar la ley” [The Supreme Court invalidates medical conscientious objection and urges Congress to review the law]. El País (in Spanish).
517. ^ Press Release No. 276/2021: The SCJN invalidates the precept of the general health law that provided for conscious objection of medical and nursing personnel without establishing the necessary safeguards to guarantee the right to health, Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, 20 September 2021 (in Spanish).
518. ^ Manuela and Others v. El Salvador, Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 2 November 2021 (in Spanish).